MIL-STD-2106A(SH)
5.2.1.2 Interfaces. Equipment and systems are connected by interfaces. Interfaces can be electrical, optical, liquid, gas, or mechanical. Each type of interface shall be indicated by a separate line. Internal interfaces are
defined as those interfaces that are within the system to be documented. External interfaces are defined as those that functionally tie the equipment or system to be tested with other equipment or systems. Services with organic ship systems such as 400-Hertz power, 28 VDC, and cooling water are external interfaces. Services may be designated
on the breakdown diagram by a single line with a descriptive title. External interfaces shall be designated by
numbers and internal interfaces shall be designated by letters.
5.2.2 Test element identification. After the equipment or system has been defined in a breakdown diagram, test elements shall be identified. A test element is any property of an equipment or system that can be evaluated through testing. Test elements are identified by performing a functional analysis, characteristic analysis, and interface analysis. Instructions for performing these analyses are provided in 5.2.2.1, 5.2.2.2, and 5.2.2.3, respectively. Each analysis will result in a list of test elements. Each list shall then be screened to select those test elements that are appropriate for industrial testing in accordance with the instruction provided in 5.2.3.
5.2.2.1 Functional analysis. An analysis shall be accomplished to identify each function performed by the equipment or system to be tested. The functions of an equipment or system are the actions or operations it is intended to perform. Each function so identified represents a test element to be considered for inclusion in the test outlines and test procedures to be developed. In performing this analysis, the following approach shall be taken to ensure that the list of test elements generated will be comprehensive and accurate:
a. Identify the major purpose of the equipment or system to be tested. If the purpose is complex, it may be divided into two or more discrete functions.
b. List all other significant actions or services performed by this unit.
c. Examine each block on the breakdown diagram to ensure that all actions or services performed by the equipment that comprise the system under test are reflected in the list of functions.
d. Use the information developed in steps a through c above to generate a list of test elements. Figure 3 is a sample functional analysis.
5.2.2.2 Characteristics analysis. An analysis shall be performed on the equipment or system to be tested and its parts (represented by blocks on the breakdown diagram) to identify those characteristics that significantly impact the manner and degree to which this equipment or system performs its intended function. The procedure for conducting this analysis is to analyze each breakdown diagram block comprising the equipment or system to be tested. This analysis may involve only one block for simple equipment or several blocks for complex systems. In this analysis, each salient characteristic is screened in accordance with the following criteria:
a. Does this characteristic determine how well the intended function is performed?
b. Does this characteristic distinguish a properly operating equipment or system from one that is not?
c. Does this characteristic require adjustment or alignment to ensure proper equipment or system functioning?
A positive response to any of the above questions is indicative of a characteristic that should be included in the list of test elements. If a system is being analyzed, the system shall then be considered as a whole. Any characteristics of the system that have not been previously identified through analysis of its component parts should be analyzed in accordance with steps a through c above. The separate lists of characteristics generated when a system is analyzed in this manner shall be combined to form one consolidated list of characteristics. Each of these characteristics represents a test element that shall be considered for inclusion in the test outlines and test procedures. Figure 4 is a sample characteristic analysis.
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